Gothic Architecture With Magnificent Stained Glass Windows...

The ultimate expression of French Gothic architecture with magnificent stained glass windows lies within the Sainte-Chapelle. Sainte-Chapelle is considered a perfect example of the Rayonnant style of Gothic architecture. Sainte-Chapelle is located within the Palais de Justice complex on the Ile de la Cità ©, in the center of Paris. King Louis IX commissioned Sainte-Chapelle between 1241-1248 to house his relics and Christ’s Crown of Thorns. Louis IX bought the Crown of Thorn for 135,000 Livres. For comparison, to build the entire Sainte-Chapelle cost 40,000 Livres. Now, Sainte-Chapelle is one of the most visited Catholic Church and considered one of the greatest sites of Gothic Art. The beauty of Sainte-Chapelle is broke down into a few major categories: exterior, lower, upper, and the stained glass windows. Over the centuries, the Chapelle suffered from a fire in 1630, 1776 and from the French Revolution, causing the Chapelle to go under restoration. Although some relics wer e never found again, some are kept in Notre-Dame Cathedral and the National Library. The extraordinary architecture should be preserved and restored when it’s needed to preserve history. Sainte-Chapelle is known for their integrate details inside and outside of the church. Although the main focus of the church is the upper level with the stained glass windows, the exterior design of the church is just integrate. The exterior of Sainte-Chapelle features tall windows, subdivided by bar tracery and deepShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Sainte Chapelle 1308 Words   |  6 PagesSainte Chapelle Sainte Chapelle is a Gothic style church and a powerful monarch that was built within seven years. It has religious and political influence. It is on the ÃŽle de la Cità ©- which is in the heart of Paris, France. Sainte Chapelle is near the Palais de Justice buildings with a petite and peaceful exterior. Also, it was built to preserve some Christian relics- i.e. Christ’s crucifixion crown; all the relics were obtained by Saint Louis. In figure one, the entrance to the chapel is displayed

Andrew Jackson, A New School Of Thought Essay - 1886 Words

As the world of academics continued to develop and stricter guidelines became more urbanized, a new school of thought under the neoconservatives, a new school of thought based on both democratic and conservative viewpoints. Under the democratic school of Jacksonian historiography is Life of Andrew Jackson, a text written by John Spencer Bassett. In Bassett’s text we continue to look with greater eyes on the shortcomings of Jackson. Bassett argues Jackson’s â€Å"lack of education, his crude judgments in many affairs, his occasional outbreaks of passion, his habitual hatred of those enemies with whom he had not made friends for party purposes, and his crude ideas of some political parties.† Bassett continues to say, â€Å"All lose some of their infelicity in the face of his brave, frank, masterly leadership of the democratic movement which then established itself in our life. . . . Few American Presidents have better lived up to the demands of the movement whic h brought them into power.† However, as the ideas of Andrew Jackson continue to develop historians and writers, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. author of The Age of Jackson wrote â€Å"more can be understood about Jacksonian democracy if it is regarded as a problem not of sections but of classes.† Equally, he also claimed that by sharpening and elucidating in a brilliant and provocative manner the progressive school of interpretation further carried this view of problem not of sections but of classes. Schlesinger took his argumentShow MoreRelatedEssay Andrew Jackson: A National Hero Never to be Forgotten969 Words   |  4 Pageswas not a man to mess with. Nick-named for his toughness, our nation’s seventh president was a favorite general among his soldiers. Andrew Jackson stood for the common man, being one of the only presidents born into poverty. This victorious man shaped the modern Democratic Party we know today, and is a national hero that will never be forgotten. Andrew Jackson was born March 15, 1767 in Waxhaw, a settlement between North and South Carolina. He resided in the forested region of the western CarolinasRead MoreAndrew Jackson 3 Essays1624 Words   |  7 PagesMcQuade U.S. History 1-c Laba term paper April 17, 2013 Andrew Jackson Throughout the years there have been many presidents, but Andrew Jackson was different. He had many different policies, and his personality set him apart from a lot of other presidents. Andrew Jackson was the seventh president but some would consider him to be the first because he seemed so different from others. Andrew Jackson did not have the easiest childhood while growing up, his father hadRead MoreEssay about Andrew Jackson765 Words   |  4 Pages Andrew Jackson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Andrew Jackson was born in the Waxhaws near the border of North and South Carolina, on March 15, 1767. When Andrew Jackson was born, no one probably guessed that he would be the seventh president of the United States of America. He wasn’t a â€Å"high class† person or had all the same credentials, but he became a war hero thus lifting him to his presidency.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Andy Jackson was born the third child of Scotch-Irish parents. Jackson’s father, also named Andrew, died as a resultRead MoreThere Were Many Hardships Going On In Andrew Jacksons Life.1084 Words   |  5 Pagesmany hardships going on in Andrew Jacksons life. For example, being in poverty to studying law and becoming wealthy. To leading troops and soldiers to war and working his way up on becoming President the next. Andrew Jackson was born March 15, 1767, although the location of his birth is unknown; he himself says that he is from South Carolina, the son of Irish immigrants (History). His father had passed away three weeks after he was born. 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It isn’t like what you read about in regular history books. Although some are random there fun facts that you may or may not know about my topic. The Life of Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson was born Friday March 15, 1767. He was raised in WaxhawRead MoreEssay about Andrew Jackson1115 Words   |  5 Pages Andrew Jackson nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) was the seventh president of the United States (1829-1837). He made his way to wealth in a frontier society and leadership. All of the common people liked him and he established a bond with them. All of the common people looked to him for leadership when they were struggling. To them he was a good role model. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Andrew Jackson was born on March 5,1767 in south Carolina. When Jacksons father died theyRead MoreAndrew Jackson Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesAndrew Jackson Introduction: Every good citizen makes his countys honor his own, and cherishes it not only as precious but sacred. He is willing to risk his life in its defense and its conscious that he gains protections while he gives it. This quote by Andrew Jackson reflects his views as a president, military leader, and American citizen. He was the seventh president of the United States. He was born on March 15,1767 in North Carolina and died on June 8,1845 in Nashville, Tennessee. OverRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Hamilton 1038 Words   |  5 Pages Going in to see Bloody Bloody Andrew Jackson, I expected the show to be similar to the popular Broadway show Hamilton, loosely based on the life of Andrew Jackson with songs to support the storyline and characters. As the story unfolded, I found that the plotline was a little disjointed and hard to follow, and many of the songs seemed to come out of nowhere. There were elements of pure history infused into the play such as the mention of dates and battle names on the TV screens between individualRead MoreThe Legacy Of The Native Americans906 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Columbus came to the native land, named the people here indians because he thought he was in the Indi mountains and brought disease and colonists to the land to make it part of spain. What is usually left out of our history is just how brutal living at that time really was, and just how much we abused the Native Americans to get what we wanted. The true history of the native americans is no longer taught in schools, they no longer teach about the native americans and what they went through from

Essay on Customer Empowerment - 3312 Words

Customer Empowerment The Choice is Yours The Internet has permanently changed the relationship between consumers and the retail industry. Electronic commerce has provided consumers with more options, more alternatives and more opportunities than ever before. Consumers are no longer limited to physically visiting main street or big-box retailers. Instead, they are able to choose from products and services from companies large and small, located all over the world, without leaving their homes. Tangible points of comparison between retailers, which now can be automatically aggregated by software buying agents in seconds, include more than selection and price. Shipping costs, return policies, privacy practices and†¦show more content†¦The customer has always been right, but its never been like this. At the same time, these same customers are learning more about their choices and the legal aspects of privacy protection. During the next 12 months, retailers must combine airtight privacy policies with business models that defer to customer empowerment. Those businesses that do not place customer service above all else will fail. Online retailers face three primary challenges. First, they must attract customers by rising above the competition through costly marketing and promotional campaigns. Second, they must compel customers to regularly visit the site through a quality user interface and overall shopping experience. Third, they must lock the customers in all the way through the checkout. In an environment where the next competitor is a mouse click away, failure to overcome any of these three challenges could be detrimental. Even with a huge potential market, attracting customers to a site is expensive. With per-customer acquisition costs ranging from $29 for Amazon.com to more than $250 for some online brokerages,ii keeping customers is as important as attracting them. These high costs underscore the importance of a traditional retail adage -- the best customer is the one you already have. Long-term relationships are based on qualityShow MoreRelatedCustomer Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Empowerment1282 Words   |  6 PagesMarketing Dr. Arni Arnthorsson Customer Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Empowerment 1. Should a company be happy or concerned if most customers are satisfied? Satisfaction of the consumer is one of the main goals for a company to achieve. Customer satisfaction is defined as the feeling that results when an offering meets a consumer’s expectations. Companies around the world are doing many surveys, in order to measure the satisfaction of their consumers because the importance of consumer satisfactionRead MoreHow Employee Empowerment Is The Most Important Resource For Any Company1516 Words   |  7 Pagescompany will have an impact on the overall company’s performance. Empowerment refers to a process in which a manager shares power with a subordinate. The dictionary’s definition of empowerment is to give someone the authority to do something. Employee empowerment is the process of enabling an employee to think, behave, act, react and control their work in more autonomous ways as to be in control of one’s destiny. Employee empowerment is a motivational technique that is designed to improve performanceRead MoreThe s Balance Between Culture, Benefits, And Boundaries Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pages Information on this helpful website expanded instantly and the corporation became a collectively Internet source. Above all, the corporation moment of fame came when it received its million-hit in 1994, interpreting to thousands of diverse customers. Yahoo! advanced so expeditiously that the pioneers of this website thought there were some promising business favorable circumstances in this website. This essay will discuss organizational structure, the balance between culture, benefits,Read MoreThe Grand Regency Hotel Management Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesmanagement roles. The strategies included: empowerment of the employees; reduction of rules that led to bureaucratic behaviors; enhancing innovativeness of the employees and increased interaction between the management and the employees. All these were new strategies that had never been used before at the hotel hence employees needed time to adapt. Analysis of the Empowerment Strategy One of the aspects that he always used in his management duties was empowerment of his employees whom he trusted andRead MoreEmpowerment - advantages and disadvantages1198 Words   |  5 Pagesempower is defined as to give official authority or legal power to therefore employee empowerment would be giving official authority and power to employees, or giving the employees responsibility for what they do. Employee empowerment, or just empowerment, has many positive and also many negative or controversial sides, throughout this paper I will discuss these points and discuss them in depth. Empowerment is a trend that has been hitting companies since the 1990 s. The movement had originallyRead MoreThe Performance Challenges Of Electra Products Success Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesElectra Products success and to provide recommendations for workplace development. The insight this report provides is limited by the information supplied on Electra Products which pertained mainly to the monthly meeting introducing a â€Å"new era† of empowerment. Assumptions have therefore been made for the purposes of completeness. 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A successful company with a positive safety culture will consist of the majority of the aforementioned components. Without these elements, a company’s safety culture will appear non-existentRead MoreThe Rights Of Service Delivery1123 Words   |  5 Pagesdemand and/or improve services is effective because individuals at the local level know their own realities and are able to provide the best solutions. Rights based approach to development is based under the premise of facilitating a process of empowerment to citizens, and through collective action, hold the Government accountable to honor their human rights and legal entitlements. â€Å"Adopting a rights-based approach†¦ involves not only focusing on the content, but also on the process through which theseRead MoreCorporate Culture : Improving The Workplace1640 Words   |  7 Pageswhat motivates them and keeps them happy. Job satisfaction is related to performance, motivation, turnover, and organizational commitment. Empowerment stems from job satisfaction, and can be defined as â€Å"a set of motivational cognitions shaped by a work environment and reflect the individual’s active orientation in their work role.† (Psychological Empowerment and Job Satisfaction, Wang, Guangping) The components that result in an empowered worker are meaning, competence, choice, and impact. Meaning

The Uses Of Deception In Twelth Night Essay Example For Students

The Uses Of Deception In Twelth Night Essay Word Count: 696The Use of Deception in William Shakespeares Twelfth NightDeception is a key theme William Shakespeares Twelfth Night. The characters must use deception to obtain good things, escape bad situations, or to play cruel hilarious ticks on other people. One example of deception is when Viola clothes herself in mens clothing in order to obtain a job under the Duke of Illyria, Orsino. During another scene Sir Andrew, Fabian, Maria, and Sir Toby Belch trick Malvolio into making a fool of himself. A third example of deception is when Feste the jester disguises himself as Sir Topas and taunts Malvolio. Each of these scenes and characters helps depict the different uses of deception. The first example of deception is Violas decision to dress as a man. She must do this in order to survive. Viola is a young woman who narrowly escaped a shipwreck along with her twin brother, Sebastian. Unfortunately, the twins where separated during the shipwreck and each believes the other perished. Viola has no way of survival other than to dress as a man and serve Orsino. Viola says: For such disguise as haply shall become the form of my intent. Ill serve this dukefor I can singThat will help allow me very worthy his service. (Shakespeare, 54-59)While serving as a messenger between the Orsino and his love Olivia, Olivia happens to fall in love with Viola instead of the Duke. Later a captain finds Violas brother, Sebastian, on the shore of Illyria. They both go into town and Olivia sees Sebastian. Sebastian and Viola happen to be wearing the exact same clothes, thus making it difficult to tell the two apart. Olivia mistakenly proposes to Sebastian. Despite the fact that Sebastian has never met Olivia, he accepts the marriage. After the Duke discovers Violas gender, he falls in love with her and they wed. A second example of deception is the cruel trick that Sir Andrew, Fabian, Maria, and Sir Toby Belch play on Malvolio. Maria, Olivias lady-in-waiting, writes a note in her mistresss handwriting saying that Olivia falls for men who wear high yellow stockings and smile all the time. Sir Toby says: He shall think by the letter that thou wilt drop that they come from my niece, and that shes in love with him. (Shakespeare, 157) The conspirators then place the note in Marias garden, a place where Malvolio surely will find it. They do this to Malvolio because he had ruined their rambunctious fun the night before. Malvolio finds the letter and reads it: cast thy humble slough, and appear fresh. Be opposite with kinsman, surly with servantsRemember who commended thy yellow stockings, and wished to see thee ever cross-gartered . (Shakespeare, 139-145)Later, Malvolio confronts Olivia and she thinks he is insane. Malvolio gets put in a cage and becomes isolated for his behavior. Far a third and final example of deception, Feste disguises himself as Sir Topas to further annoy Malvolio. Maria asks Feste to dress up in a gown and hat and put on a long beard, to disguise himself as Sir Topas. She asks him to do this because she wants to see Malvolio further tormented. Feste, while disguised, asks Malvolio what he thinks of Pythagoras. When Malvolio responds, from his prison, that he disagrees with the beliefs of Pythagoras, Feste says that he will remain caged forever. Malvolio then desperetly begs Feste to free him and tries to convince him that he is sane. Malvolio says: there was never man so notoriously abused! I am well in my wits, fool, as though art. (Shakespeare, 87-88). Feste eventually has pity for the mistreated servant and sets him free. .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0 , .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0 .postImageUrl , .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0 , .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0:hover , .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0:visited , .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0:active { border:0!important; } .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0:active , .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0 .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc67c6502f5116461c885a9a91a9001e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of Mice And Men EssayDeception pervades William Shakespeares Twelfth Night. One example involves Viola dressing up as a man. A second example involves the conspiracy of Maria, Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, and Fabian to make a fool of Olivias servant Malvolio. The third example involves tormenting Malvolio purely for enjoyment. Deception is used in the play to work into good situations, avoid difficult situations, and to play abusive yet humorous jokes on other characters in the play. 700 words3Works CitedShakespeare, William. Twelfth Night. New York: Harcourt, Brace ; World, Inc., 1968. 4

Leave it Empty Existence of God and Evil

Many philosophers and atheists believe that a loving God should not let His children suffer. Explaining the logical problem of evil, Horner states that evil and good cannot coexist. For that reason, if God exists, then, there is no evil. Likewise, if evil exists, then, God is a fairytale.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leave it Empty: Existence of God and Evil specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Existence of evil is, therefore, the main opposition to God’s existence (Horner). Theologians, on the other hand, maintain that God allows evil as a way of strengthening people’s faith in Him. However, the same people uphold that God is a loving father. As a result, God protects His people from evil and suffering. Therefore, theological doctrines are sometimes inconsistent with each other. This essay tries to find out whether there is a logical contradiction between the existence of God and evil. There is a co ntradiction between the existence of an all-powerful God and the existence of evil (Mackie). God is supposed to be omnipotent or unstoppable. Therefore, what God can do has no limits. In addition, people should not suffer from all manners of evil in the presence of an all-powerful God. Some logical rules connect evil and omnipotence (Mackie). Horney adds that good cannot exist in the presence of evil. Therefore, a loving God must completely eliminate evil. For that reason, the notion that evil and an omnipotent God coexist is debatable. A logical explanation to the coexistence of good and evil can only be given if God’s power has a limit. As a result, some scholars have opted to restrict the meaning of omnipotence when referring to God. Amazingly, these scholars are known to record a list of some of the things an omnipotent God cannot do (Mackie). Furthermore, the problem of evil can either be emotional or intellectual (Horner). The intellectual problem explains the relations between Evil and an omnipotent God based on the reasons. This problem is further divided into logical and probabilistic problems (Horner). The logical problem maintains that evil and God cannot coexist. According to the emotional problem, people question God’s existence when faced with hardships. These people fail to understand why a loving and an all-powerful God can allow such evils to befall them. Therefore, in some cases, the objection to God’s existence is merely emotional. However, it is not necessary for God to eliminate all evils (Horner). In some cases, doing away with an evil may bring about a greater evil or get rid of a good that outweighs it (Horner). For instance, God cannot sterilize females to eliminate pain experienced during the birth of children. If God was to control the actions of all people, then, no one would be free. Likewise, all people would behave and act in the same manner. God created free people with a mind that is able to differentiate b etween good and evil. It is, therefore, widely expected that people will commit evil because God has given them an independent mind. People commit evil out of their own freewill. This evil is what philosophers call moral evil (Guthrie). Additionally, God uses natural evil to increase the amount of good on the Earth (Guthrie). For instance, earthquakes have killed many people.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Amazingly, the same earthquakes prevent continents from eroding into oceans since they are necessary in plate tectonics (Guthrie). In addition, death is a natural way of controlling global population. Without death, resources on the Earth surface will not be enough to sustain its population (Guthrie). Religious leaders also argue that suffering, which is a form of evil, is one of the ways through which God manifests Himself to his people. Through suffering, God’s children a re able to strengthen their faith in him. However, some scholars maintain that evil is an illusion (Mackie). For that reason, what we refer to as evil is a state of mind. Citing one of the Popes, Mackie states that universal good is one of the end products of partial evil. Therefore, evil complements good. Social harmony is, thus, brought about by disorder in the society. Accordingly, disorder is harmony that people are yet to understand (Mackie). Existence of evil has elicited the discussion as to whether God really exists. It is fallacious to say that good cannot exist without evil (Mackie). Such statements limit the powers of an omnipotent God. In addition, these statements imply that God cannot create good without creating evil. An omnipotent God can do anything. However, misfortunes such as sickness and death cast doubts on the existence of God. There is no logical explanation on why an omnipotent God can allow evil to dominate the Earth. Theologians argue that God has enough r easons for permitting evil. However, atheists and some philosophers argue that theologians believe what they can barely prove. For that reason, what theologians propose cannot be solved scientifically. This means that their reasoning cannot be supported by further experiments, decisions or actions (Mackie). Since all sides maintain their stand, the debate on the contradiction between the existence of God and evil is far from over. Works Cited Guthrie, Shandon. Assessing the Problem of Evil and the Existence of God. n. d. Web.. Horner, Michael. Do Evil and Suffering Disprove the Existence of God? n. d. Web. https://thelife.com/disprove-the-existence-of-god. Mackie, John Leslie. â€Å"Evil and Omnipotence.† Mind, New Series. 64. 254 (1955): 200-212. Web..Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Leave it Empty: Existence of God and Evil specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Leave it Empty: Existence of God and Evil was written and submitted by user Benjamin S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Is the term subculture useful as means for analysing the young people in Australia Culture †Cultural Studies Essay

Is the term subculture useful as means for analysing the young people in Australia Culture – Cultural Studies Essay Free Online Research Papers Is the term subculture useful as means for analysing the young people in Australian Culture Cultural Studies Essay They dress like their going to the gym. They have undercuts and spiky hair. They have a few tattoos, hidden from their parents view. They listen to RB and rap. They hang out in garages, playing cards, swearing and smoking pot. Their ideology of masculinity is a man that wont take ‘no’ for an answer, has control over his ‘Mrs.’s’ and can stand up for himself. They speak with slang derived from the African American slang, with a few Arabic words here and there. They drive fast, done up cars with controversial personalized number plates. Females are not welcome in this gathering nor are adults. Who are they? They are the Lebanese youth. Their offshoot, ‘hanging out’, is the symbolic axis and working social hub. This subculture is heavily reliant on being ‘in the know’- on being cool, calm and dangerous. If one were to describe the social culture of this group, it would have to be ‘coolness’. But what is this cultural value? How is it embodied? How is it displayed? Why it is so important to the Lebanese youth? What are its social uses, its demographics, its biases and discriminations? They belong to a unitary culture. They maintain the same dress codes, dance styles, music genres and catalogue of authorized and illicit rituals. They are a subculture from an ethnic culture. They generally congregate on the basis of shared ethnicity and ideology, their consumption of the same media and, most importantly, their preference for youth of the same ethnicity to themselves. Taking part in this subculture builds affinities, socialising participants into knowledge of the likes and dislikes, meanings and values of the culture. This community will last for several years until these boys decide to settle down through primarily marriage. This subculture will then melt into the ‘mainstream’. The opposition of the ‘mainstream’ is undoubtedly how many constituents of youth subcultures charecterise their own behavior. However we can’t take youthful discourses literally; they are not a transparent window on the world. This is a constant mistake that has been made by cultural studies. They have been inadequately critical of subcultural ideologies, first, because they were preoccupied by the task of perforating and challenging prevailing ideologies and, second, because they were biased and tended to correspond with the subcultural discourses of the youth cultures they study. Academics have acclaimed subcultures, while youth have celebrated the ‘underground’. Where young people have condemned the ‘commercial’, scholars have criticised ‘hegemony’; where one has grieved over ‘selling out’, the other has conceived ‘incorporation’. Youth visualize their own and other social groups through subcultural ideologies, they declare their idiosyncratic nature and assert that they are not nameless affiliates of an undistinguished heap. The cultural theorists are not giving non-biased explanations of the way things really are, but incorporate ideologies that fulfill their specific cultural agenda. One should therefore not simply delve into the way of life of a cluster community, but consider the way they make ‘meaning the service of power’. The distinctions made by the Lebanese youth are not simply affirmations of equal difference; they entail a strong claim to authority and presume the inferiority of others. They are challenge the weight of, namely the police and laws established by the government and see other subcultural ethnic groups as inferior to them. Within this subculture, elevated levels of income and property do not associate with high levels of cultural capital, as the two often conflict. Comments about the ‘nouveau riche’ reveal the likely frictions between those affluent in cultural capital but fairly poor in economic capital (like those Lebanese youth that are academics) and those rich in economic capital but less affluent in cultural capital (like professional football players). Therefore, the third category-social capital-that stems not from what you know or what you have, but from who know, can be attributed foremostly to the subculture of the Lebanese youth. Connections in the form of friends, relations, associations and acquaintances can all bestow status. ‘Tell the boys that you know so and so and watch them worship you’. The ‘second nature’ of their knowledge is a quality that members of this subculture must possess. Nothing diminishes capital more than the spectacle of someone trying to hard. For example, a subdued and pale looking Anglo Saxon male attempting to act, dress and associate himself with the subculture of the Lebanese youth. K. Gelder and S. Thornton argue that ‘the difference between being in or out of fashion, high or low in subcultural capital, correlates in complex ways with degrees of media coverage, creation and exposure’. In regards to the aforementioned subculture, commercial news and the content of their broadcasting are discussed often amongst each other. They are in passionate resistance to the negative portrayal of their subculture. It can be argued therefore that due to the fact that their subculture is used as the ‘topic of the day’ so readily, that this actually encourages them to become increasingly rebellious against the ‘mainstream’ and forms of authority. The convertibility of cultural capital into economic capital is what ultimately defines cultural capital. Whilst subcultural capital may not convert into economic capital, in being a market niche, with the same ease or financial reward as cultural capital, a variety of occupations or increased capital for existing occupations can be gained as a result of ‘coolness’. American clothes designers, especially sportswear designers, such as Nike and Adidas, American artists of hip-hop, rap and RB and sad to say drug dealers all make a living from their subcultural capital. Subcultural capital is not as class-bond as cultural capital, even though it converts into economic capital. Class does not correlate in any uninterrupted way with levels of youthful subcultural capital. For instance, it would not be uncommon for a Lebanese boy that was raised in an area that was densely populated with Lebanese households, like Bankstown, to remain dressing, acting and speaking in the same way if he was to move to an area that was densely populated with Anglo-Saxons and of a class. Gender, after age, is the social difference along which subcultural capital is aligned most analytically to. Generally, the girls associated with this subculture invest more of their time and identity in doing well at school. The boys, in contrast, spend more time and money on going out, listening to music and ‘hanging out with the boys’. The ‘refusal of complicity’ might be said to categorise the majority of Lebanese youth. These youth are not as anchored in their social place as those younger and older than themselves as they are not settled with a partner nor have they integrated into ‘Australian culture’. By investing in this act of leisure, Lebanese youth further reject being fixed socially. They can postpone ‘social aging’ or that ‘slow renunciation or disinvestment’ which leads people to regulate their goals to their purposes, to support their state, become what they are and make do with what they have. Acting as a barrier against social aging may be one of the reasons as to why it is so attractive to people well beyond their youth. Lebanese youth can be seen as temporarily taking pleasure in the taste of independence. Freedom from necessity, therefore, does not mean that youth have wealth so much that they are exempt from adult commitments to the accumulation of economic capital. They simply reveal a methodical dedication, which allows practises that are discouraged by the mainstream. The term ‘subculture’ is therefore useful as a means for analysing the position and experiences of the Lebanese youth of Australia. Subcultural capital is the key player of a substitute chain of command in which the affiliation of age, gender, sexuality and race are operational in order to keep the resolves of class, income and occupation aside. Subcultural capital discloses itself most clearly by what it dislikes and by what it definitely isn’t. The vast majority of Lebanese youth distinguish themselves against the mainstream that, to some degree, can be seen to stand in for the masses- this distance is a measure of their cultural worth. Subcultural ideology unconditionally gives alternative interpretations and values to young peoples, particularly young men’s. It reinterprets the social world. The Lebanese youth jockey for social power through these popular distinctions; they are favouritisms by which members are both given social statuses and endeavour f or a meaning of self-worth. This perspective foresees popular culture as a multi-dimensional social space rather than as a flat culture or as simply the end of the social ladder. The Lebanese youth should therefore not be categorised through their cultural differences as being ‘resistances’ to hierarchy or to the isolated cultural supremacy of some ruling body. They should be looked at as the microstructures of power entailed in the cultural competition that goes on between more closely associated social groups. References K.Gelder and S.Thornton, Subcultures Reader, London; New York Rutledge, 1997. The Macquarie Dictionary New Budget Edition Macquarie University, NSW, Australia, 1996. www.acys.utas.edu.au/ncys/topics/culture.htm 21k www.research.deakin.edu.au/performance/pubs/ reports/cd/1997/pubs/1995/socinq.htm 34k www.usyd.edu.au/su/geography/sinfo/p-g/07.htm 10k www.mcgraw-hill.com.au/mhhe/marktng/hawkins/bkinfo.htm 12k Research Papers on Is the term "subculture" useful as means for analysing the young people in Australia Culture - Cultural Studies EssayHip-Hop is ArtAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on Children19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionWhere Wild and West Meet

Real Estate Development Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Real Estate Development - Coursework Example Financing bodies in the central Manhattan promotes real estate development because they provide support to the investors. It is an expensive endeavor to pursue that discourages many investors and developers. However, financial assistance from organizations such as Meridian Capital Group and Hiro Real Estate enables people to invest in the industry. The paper discusses factors that drive commercial property development in Central Manhattan for the last six years. It also explains how bids play a significant role in acquiring and developing commercial buildings in the area. Capital is an important factor in real estate development because it supports various activities. It is difficult to succeed in the real estate business without adequate finance. Inadequate capital keeps many people away from the business because they cannot finance different operations effectively. High demand for land in many areas increases its prices, which hinder many people from affording it. This shows the need to obtain financial support in order to acquire land develop a real estate. An essential factor drives the development of commercial property in central Manhattan. Interested parties can obtain loans and mortgages from financial institutions such as banks in order to invest in real estate (Blosfield, 2015, p. 1). Land prices in the city are very high because of high demand, which makes it difficult to invest in the business. However, financial support such as mortgages and loans encourage many people to develop the property, which is a long-term investment. Financing bodies such as Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings, Meridian Capital Group, Hiro Real Estate, and Eastdil Secured provide support to people (Kalinoski, 2014, p. 1). They encourage the public to invest heavily in the business because they give financial assistance to aid in implementing their projects. The business has fewer risks, which encourage them to seek financial support because they can repay the