Respiratory Distress Syndrome Essay - 779 Words

Faculty of medicine Pediatrics Department Serum Prolactin Levels in Newborns with Respiratory Distress Syndrome Thesis Submitted for partial fulfillment of Master Degree in Pediatrics By Alia Saeed Abdel Maksoud Metwally M.B.B.CH Zagazig University Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University 2017 Introduction Respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants caused by pulmonary surfactant deficiency with incomplete lung development (Santosham et al, 2013). It can also occur as a consequence of neonatal infection (Sinha et al, 2012). According to the degree of prematurity, it occurs in 7% - 50% of neonates. It is also a common emergency responsible for 30% - 40% of newborns hospital admission (Edwards et†¦show more content†¦Up to our knowledge, this study has not been done before in Zagazig University Hospital. But previous studies have demonstrated that Prolactin has a role in lung maturation. We will compare this study with other studies. Research Question: Is prolactin decrease in cases of Respiratory distress syndrome ? Aim of the work: To compare fetal cord serum prolactin levels among healthy newborns and newborns with Respiratory distress syndrome. Objective: 1. To compare fetal cord serum prolactin levels among healthy newborns and newborns with Respiratory distress syndrome. 2. To find out the role of fetal prolactin in lung maturation. Hypothesis: There is a significant correlation between Prolactin levels and Respiratory distress syndrome. Keywords: Newborn, Fetal cord serum prolactin, Respiratory distress syndrome. Materials and Methods: 1-Technical Design: A. Setting: the study will be conducted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at Zagazig University Hospitals. B. Type of study: Case control study. C. Subjects: Assuming that mean  ± SD of prolactin level in cord blood in Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) newborns and in healthy newborns is (318.2  ± 130.5 vs 410.9  ± 110.5 respectively), so sample size is calculated by OpenEpi to be 54 cases (27 cases in each group) with confidence level 95% and power of test 80%. Group I (the study group): It will includeShow MoreRelatedRespiratory Distress Syndrome Essay1807 Words   |  8 PagesRespiratory distress syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a disease that predominantly affects premature neonates. It is due to a deficiency in surfactant which is vital in increasing lung compliance, preventing atelectasis at the end of expiration, and promoting the recruitment of collapsed alveoli by reducing surface tension. Its other name, HMD, is derived from the characteristic histological findings in early post mortems of premature babies, hyaline membranes wereRead MoreEssay On Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome766 Words   |  4 PagesFor the past 50 years acute respiratory distress syndrome or better known as ARDS, has been an issue in hospital intensive care units all around the world. The first â€Å"documented published scientific description dates back to 1821 when Laennec described the gross pathology of the heart and lungs and described idiopathic anasarca of the lungs; pulmonary edema without heart failure in a treatise on diseases of the chest.†1 Cardiac and non-cardiac issues were not taken into consideration as part of theRead MoreNeonatal Respiratory distress syndrome reflective practice Essay5076 Words   |  21 Pagesï » ¿This assignment describes my own reflective experience while caring for a sick neonate with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in the neonatal unit. 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The inclusion criteria included all infants born with respiratory distress syndrome, less than 36 weeks gestational age and without of any the following conditions: contraindication of touchRead MorePersuasive Essay795 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ bcom/215 Persuasive Essay At least 11% of women smoke during pregnancy. Many of these women smoke without knowing the significant negative effects smoking has on their babies before, during, and after the pregnancy. When a woman smokes during pregnancy, she exposes her baby to dangerous chemicals such as tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and other poisonous chemicals that travels through the bloodstream and goes directly to the baby. Nicotine restricts the oxygenRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Kartagener s Syndrome1687 Words   |  7 Pages Kartagener’s syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting the cilia within the body. Autosomal recessive means that one or more of both the parent’s genes responsible for encoding the cilia’s structure are mutated. This essay will focus on the etiology, clinical manifestations and anatomic alterations while also exploring diagnostic and treatment modalities. Cilia are the tiny hair-like structures found in many organ systems including the respiratory and reproductive systems. It was diagnosedRead MoreChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( Copd )1488 Words   |  6 Pagesintensive medical treatment. This essay will first examine the pathophysiology and possible causes and risk factors of COPD. Secondly clinical manifestations of COPD and Walker’s physical assessment results will be discussed. Next, a holistic nursing care plan using NANDA diagnosis will be developed. Finally the medications which are used for COPD and their actions related to COPD will be addressed respectively. Pathophysiology of COPD can be described as a complex syndrome of physical changes that comprisedRead MoreA Short Note On Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana, And Opioids1175 Words   |  5 PagesJulie Thao HSCD 300-01 Essay 1 February 7th, 2016 1. The four most commonly used substances as described from the course textbook are alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and opioids. Alcohol is a translucent liquid in appearance and has a bitter acquired taste which suppresses brain activity. The intake of alcohol effects the cerebral cortex by ceasing the inhibition of user and develops a relaxed and more social characteristic in the way the user interacts with others. As a depressant, the use of alcoholRead MoreThe Case Presentation Of Rowena1998 Words   |  8 Pageswhich include Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Respiratory failure, and bone diseases (Fabbri, Luppi, Beghe, Rabe, 2008). Caring for patients with such complex conditions could be challenging for nurses as well as other healthcare professional and could lead to poor care coordination, having to prioritize the care and consider the consequences of their actions and inactions (Schoen, Osborn, Squires, Doty, Pierson, Applebaum, 2011). This essay is about the case pres entation of Rowena, and itRead MoreChronic Conditions Are Associated With Aging1968 Words   |  8 Pagesoccurs, the body cells tend to decrease in function and become susceptible to diseases. However, individual lifestyle and comorbidity, such as smoking and obesity could lead to early chronic diseases such as Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Respiratory failure, and bone diseases (Fabbri, Luppi, Beghe, Rabe, 2008). Caring for patients with such complex conditions could be challenging for nurses as well as other healthcare professional and could lead to poor care coordination, having to prioritize

Possession Of Emotional Intelligence As An Essential...

Possession of emotional intelligence is an essential component for every effective leader in whatever capacity. The ability for a leader to comprehend and manage his or her emotions and of the people close to them is critical in good leadership. As outlined by Kotter, good leadership needs â€Å"motivating and inspiring,† in other words, keeping individuals moving in the appropriate direction, in spite of significant obstacles to change, through appealing to elementary, but untapped human values, needs, and emotions (92). Not only does this define a good leader, but it also goes a long way in differentiating between a leader and a manager. When an individual blends different aspects of emotional intelligence with management skills, he or she†¦show more content†¦As per his view, he asserts that the significant ingredient that permits an organization to become successful and great is acquiring a level 5 leader. In other words, a level 5 leader is one who has the abilit y to take an organization from being only simply good to truly great. In a five-year investigation, Collins established that executives in possession of such a paradoxical set of traits represent catalysts for the statistically exceptional event of the transformation of a good organization into a really great one (67). To illustrate, Collins offers an example of Darwin Smith, a little heard of individual who turned around Kimberley-Clark (a heavy paper organization) whose stock worth had plummeted 36 percent behind the rest of the market the previous two decades. He created a dramatic transformation that caught the eyes of the globe (Collins 68). By discovering that the issue was not only financial, but also an emotional one, Darwin-Smith managed to remarkably turn around the company’s fortunes. In this case, Darwin-Smith is a level 5 leader. In essence, level five describes the uppermost level in a ladder of executive capabilities. The lower four levels include leaders who h ave the capability to produce high levels of success but not sufficient enough to elevate organizations from mediocrity to sustained levels of excellence. The four lower levels are: level 4 (effective leader), level 3

Ellis Island Immigration free essay sample

Family came, Haiti origin, along with 15 year old daughter for crises counseling and to file a petition. The daughter lived in United States since she was 5 years old. She also had siblings who are way older then she is, who were brought up back in Haiti. Parents complain that she is disobedient and they wanted to put her in jail. What they called disobedient is her refusing to take earrings off, because in their culture females are not allowed to use anything that might make them look attractive (at least thats what they say). Parents are culture orientated and very traditional people. I talked to girl alone for long time, she felt misunderstood on so many levels. Nothing was wrong with her psychologically, and there was no need for psychiatric evaluation at all. She seemed very smart young female, who is also a typical teenager and her parents had hard time dealing with that. We will write a custom essay sample on Ellis Island Immigration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She want it make up, go to movies, and her parents didnt like it. She skipped school from time to time, but nothing serious so there was no need to file petition for truancy. Both me, and psychologist I worked with had counseling with her parents. They kept telling us other children were never like this, so I tried to explain them that other children were raised in a different environment and off course they are going to act differently. I also told them I cannot file a petition because 15 year old has earrings on. It was a tough one, and we knew it would take time to change perspective of her parents. This is why Ellis Island immigration is so significant to me. Being labeled insane for something that is totally acceptable in own culture is pure injustice. Ellis Island is the place where everything started, and this occurs when people begun to be seen as the same but in fact, different. We all may have been equal, but have different values and beliefs and this has to be seen by everybody, especially professionals in such field. References Cohen, R. , Swerdlik, M. (2005). Psychological Testing and Assessment: An Introduction to Tests and Measurement (6th ed. ). , : The McGraw-Hill Companies. Ellis Island http://sydaby. eget. net/swe/ellis_island. htm Ellis Island www. history. com

President Barack Obama’s speech on the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington free essay sample

President Barack Obama’s speech on the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington President Barack Hussein Obama is the 44th and current President of the United States, and the first African American to hold this office. President Obama gave a speech following remarks at the â€Å"Let Freedom Ring† ceremony to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington on August 28, 2013, at the Lincoln Memorial. President Obama gave this speech to remind Americas of how far we have come, to remember those who fought so people of different racial backgrounds can have the right to freedom. President Obama states, â€Å"And so they came by the thousands, from every corner of our country men and women, young and old, blacks who longed for freedom and whites who could no longer accept freedom for themselves while witnessing the subjugation of others† (25). President Obama’s speech at the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington was a reminder of the history of African-Americans in the United States and the change that came afterwards. We will write a custom essay sample on President Barack Obama’s speech on the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page President Obama establish common ground with the audience at the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington by stating that â€Å"We rightly and best remember Dr. Kings soaring oratory that day, how he gave mighty voice to the quiet hopes of millions, how he offered a salvation path for oppressed and oppressors alike†(40). It was because of Dr. Martin Luther King and other brave people that march to Washington that the 50th anniversary of the March on Washington was begin held. President Obama speech was a success because he was able to relate to the audience. He quoted that, â€Å"Dr. King explained that the goals of African-Americans were identical to working people of all races: decent wages, fair working conditions, livable housing, old-age security, health and welfare measures conditions in which families can grow, have education for their children and respect in the community. What King was describing has been the dream of every American† (130). President Obama speech suits the audience with this statement,† The March on Washington teaches us that we are not trapped by the mistakes of history, that we are masters of our fate. But it also teaches us that the promise of this nation will only be kept when we work together. Well have to reignite the embers of empathy and fellow feeling, the coalition of conscience that found expression in this place 50 years ago† (200). President Obama speech shows compelling facts, â€Å"That was the spirit young people like John Lewis brought that day. That was the spirit that they carried with them like a torch back to their cities and their neighborhoods, that steady flame of conscience and courage that would sustain them through the campaigns to come, through boycotts and voter registration drives and smaller marches, far from the spotlight, through the loss of four little girls in Birmingham, the carnage of Edmund Pettus Bridge and the agony of Dallas, California, Memphis† (60-65). And† To dismiss the magnitude of this progress, to suggest, as some sometimes do, that little has changed that dishonors the courage and the sacrifice of those who paid the price to march in those years. Medgar Evers, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner, Martin Luther King Jr. , they did not die in vain† (100). President Obama speech states data’s â€Å"Yes, there have been examples of success within black America that would have been unimaginable a half-century ago. But as has already been noted, black unemployment has remained almost twice as high as white employment (sic), Latino unemployment close behind. The gap in wealth between races has not lessened, its grown† (136-140). President Obama speech appealed to the audience emotions with this statement, â€Å"For what does it profit a man, Dr. King would ask, to sit at an integrated lunch counter if he cant afford the meal? This idea that ones liberty is linked to ones livelihood, that the pursuit of happiness requires the dignity of work, the skills to find work, decent pay, some measure of material security this idea was not new†(120). Also, â€Å"And I believe that spirit is there, that true force inside each of us. I see it when a white mother recognizes her own daughter in the face of a poor black child. I see it when the black youth thinks of his own grandfather in the dignified steps of an elderly white man† (205). President Obama also mentioned that, â€Å"We now have a choice. We can continue down our current path in which the gears of this great democracy grind to a halt and our children accept a life of lower expectations, where politics is a zero-sum game, where a few do very well while struggling families of every race fight over a shrinking economic pie. Thats one path. Or we can have the courage to change† (195). In conclusion, President Obama speech was persuasive, emotional and convincing. He was able to get through to the audience and pass his point across without offending anyone. The speech focuses the March to Washington and the freedom that came afterwards not just for African- Americans but also for women and Latinos, Asians and Native Americans, for Catholics, Jews and Muslims, for gays, for Americans with disabilities.

Christianity And Islam Comparison Religion Essays

Christianity And Islam Comparison Religion Essays Christianity And Islam Comparison Religion Essay Christianity And Islam Comparison Religion Essay Islam on the other manus is a faith expressed by the Quran. Quran is the book which contains the word of God every bit far as Islamic religion is concerned. It contains the instructions harmonizing to Prophet Muhammad who is the last prophesier of Islam. Those who follow the instructions harmonizing to Prophet Muhammad are called Muslims and the word Islam means entry to God. They do believe in one God and besides that old messages of God were altered and merely the message from Quran was non altered.Muslims patterns include the five pillars of Islam, fasting, praying, Alms-giving, pilgrims journey and following the Islamic jurisprudence which touches about every facet of life. The Muslim faith belongs to two denominations which are Sunni Islam and Shia Islam. Muslim believes that Prophetss like Moses, Abraham and Jesus as human existences who were sent by God to present his message to his people all over the universe. They believe that Prophetss are human existences merely like others and they are non godly but can execute miracles. They are encouraged to follow the life of Prophet Mohammad in their twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours set abouting since he is the 1 who was eventually sent by God to convey message to the whole universe.DiscussionBoth Christianity and Islam are Abrahamic faiths due to the fact that they do follow their beginnings to Abraham. It is acknowledged in both Christianity and Islam that Abraham is their ascendant. For case Christianity began as a subdivision of Judaism which was regarded as the faith of Jacob. Jacob was the grandson of Abraham. It so evolved as a different faith with its patterns and beliefs. It came up with the thought of cosmopolitan community therefore replacing simple monotheism. Islam on the other manus was founded subsequently by Muhammad and was based on the instructions of the Quran.Inclusiveness of Christianity was maintained but reverted back to simple monotheism with a prophesier who is non godly. It is clear that all the Abrahamic faith worships an sole God, and is monotheistic. Christianity and Islam believe that there is one God, He is the Godhead, he regulations, loves, reveals, forgives and Judgess. They both believe that there is one God who created the universe and his word should be obeyed. It is besides believed by both faiths that the one and merely God will find on the twenty-four hours of the judgement the fate of all humanity based upon 1s actions and believes. As far the Bibles used by both faith is concerned, they both acknowledge the narratives of Adam, Moses and Noah but with a little difference.In Christian religion, Abraham is considered as a critical illustrat ion of religious, faith and ascendant of Son of God Jesus. His act of offering to give his lone boy Isaac is seen as conveying to realty the prognosis of God giving his Son Jesus Christ. Islamic position of Abraham is somewhat different because they consider him as a prophesier who is the courier of God. He is considered as the male parent of Islam since he was the first Muslim. In short, both Christians and Muslims do see Abraham as an of import portion and package of their religion and faith.Similarities of Christian and IslamBoth faith belief that there is merely one true God and one is non supposed to idolize any other God. Most of the Prophetss like Jesus and Ibrahim are from God himself and belief that ascended in Eden. Torah, Gospel and the Prophetss were given by God and trusters are supposed to obey the word of God. Believers should give up themselves to God. It is believed that Jesus will return and besides that God will raise all for the judgement. Those who believe in hi m will travel to heaven after their decease while who do non believe will travel to hell and be punished for of all time. No 1 should be killed as a consequence of his or her religion and besides the hapless should be accorded the aid that they deserve. The faiths are both massive due to the fact that they both believe in one God as the Godhead of Eden and Earth. God is besides considered to do compact with his people every bit good as holding a good relationship with those who believe in him. No 1 knows the Day of Judgment in both faiths and on that twenty-four hours, the Satan will be defeated and God will emerge the victor. Miracles besides occur on occasion and God forgives those who repent their wickednesss. The Prophetss in both faiths are believed to hold brought religious direction to God A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s people. There are some subdivisions in both the Holy Bible and the Quran that seem to be the same such as the narrative of Adam and Eve, kids of Israel and the na rrative of Moses. They expect that Jesus Christ will come once more on the judgement twenty-four hours.The pillars of Islam and ChristianityThe five pillars define the construction of the Muslim life. They are indicant of participant, religion, support for the needy, fasting during the month of Ramadan and eventually a visit to Mecca at least one time in Muslim life-time for those who can afford. There are some bases that seem to associate Muslim to Christianity every bit far as both the Bible and the Quran are concerned. The first pillar of Islam is the testimony of religion. This means that harmonizing to the Muslim they do proclaim that there is no other god Apart from true God and none other should be worshiped. It is the most of import pillar of Islam and it is called Shahada ( Esposito, 1998 ) . The Christians besides proclaim being of one God through the apostle A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s credo. It is hence clear that both Islam and the Christian has a manner of proclaiming t he being of merely one God and no other God should be worshiped. The other pillar of Islam is giving Zakat which merely means that the destitute people amongst the Muslim community should be supported. They believe that wealth belongs to God. Zakat means giving a certain per centum of wealth to the needy but a Muslim can give every bit much as he or she pleases. This is echoed in Christianity by giving charity. Harmonizing to Christians, they give as a religious displine and it is non a must. This is a manner of admiting that the wealth they have is from God. This is the same position in Muslim faith. Christians start giving from every bit low as 10 % tithe of their wealth but it is recommended that this should be exceeded so that the needy can be assisted and besides that wealth can be used to distribute the word of God ( Ratzinger, 2004 ) . Christians operate utilizing the rule of generousness.The pillar of participant province that Muslims pray five times a twenty-four hours and during the remunerator there is a direct nexus between God and the supplication. They do play at morning, midday, mid-afternoon, sundown and at dark but one can pray anyplace. Besides in Christianity, participant is a Christianity value. Christians, most of the times use prewritten participants like Psalmss.Christians besides belief that there is personal relationship with God but through Jesus Christ. Players conducted by Christians are largely personal confession and congratulations to God.The forth pillar of Muslim is fasting during the month of Ramadan. They do fast from morning to sunset by abstaining from sexual dealingss, nutrient and drink. It is considered by Muslim as a manner of sublimating one A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s religious life through denying oneself the secular amenitiess. This is besides echoed in Christian life when they fast during the seven hebdomad period prior to Easter. This in Christianity is referred to as Lent period. This helps the Christians to conce ntrate on their life with God although one can fast any clip during the twelvemonth. From the Bible besides, Jesus Christ fasted for 40 yearss. This is a good illustration for Christians to follow.Pilgrimage to Makkah is another pillar of Islam. This is an duty to every Muslim to see Makkah at least one time in life-time. It is carried out during the 12th month of Islamic calendar. Male Muslims wear particular fabrics which eliminate differentiations of category, doing everyone look the same before God. Christians may besides travel to idolize God in specific topographic points such as churches and other historical topographic points and international churches like Hillsong in Australia. However it is non necessary to travel to these topographic points. Merely as Muslims, Christians are besides entitled to travel on trips of company and evangelism. Although it is non a must, every Christian is supposed to travel on a mission trip one time in a life-time.Critique of ChristianityMosle ms do non believe that Jesus Christ is the boy of God ; instead they do believe that Jesus is a prophesier merely like Moses. They don amp ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢t besides believe that Jesus Christ died on the cross. They believe that he ascended in to heaven. Christians believes in three that is, God the male parent, God the boy and God the Holy Spirit which is strongly opposed by Muslims. Muslim oppose the fact that all of world is held responsible for the wickedness of Adam and Eve.They do believe that all world is born pure and is responsible for his or her ain wickednesss.DecisionAlthough both Christianity and Muslim are of different faiths, they do hold a historical background which seems to portion some commonalties. For case they both believe and follow the instruction of Abraham. Their belief to some extent is similar for case believing in one God as Godhead of Eden and Earth and all world. Some of their moral codifications seem to be the same. Both Christianity and Muslim believe that religion should be based of the single workss. This merely means that one as a truster should pattern what one believes and non merely state by the word of the oral cavity. Besides human existences in both faiths are considered to hold rights and hence actions such as slaying and larceny are prohibited.

Right To Live essays

Right To Live essays Physician-assisted suicide presents one of the greatest dilemmas tothe medical profession. Should someone who is mentally competent, but deemed terminally ill, be allowed to engagein physician-assisted suicide? According to the First Amendment of The Constitution of The United States, one hasthe freedom to petition the government for a redress of grievances. The Fourteenth Amendment states, The Statecannot deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law; nor deny any person within itsjurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. The group believes that a terminally ill patient has the Constitutionalright to decide whether or not to end his or her life with the help of a licensed medical doctor. There have been many cases overthe years where a terminally ill patient who is mentally competent has made the choice to either partake in physician-assistedsuicide or euthanasia. Physician-assisted suicide occurs when the physician provides thepatient with the means and/or knowledge to commit suicide(Death and Dying,91). Euthanasia is when the physicianadministers the death causing drug or agent(Death and Dying,92). The most recent case is that of The Stateof Florida v. Charles Hall. Charles Hall is dying of AIDS and challenged the State of Florida to let him die bya self-administered lethal injection without fear of prosecution(rights.org/ deathnet/open.html). On January31, 1997, a Judge ruled that Charles Hall could take his own life with the aid of a doctor. Senior Judge S. JosephDavis, brought in from Seminole County, found that Floridas strict privacy law and the equal protection clause in theU.S. Constitution entitled Hall, 35, and Dr. McIver to carry out an assisted death without fear of prosecution (Sun-Sentinel,1A). On February 11, 1997, Charles Halls ...

Puerto Rican Beliefs and Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Puerto Rican Beliefs and Practices - Essay Example Discussion Initially, few Puerto Ricans migrated to the United States at all. Even though the United States attempted to enhance Puerto Rico as a splendid visitor destination center during the twentieth century, the land experienced adverse economic challenges. Poverty was enormous, and few Puerto Ricans could afford boat travels to the homeland (Melton & Baumann, 2010). By 1910, less than two thousand Puerto Ricans lived in the United States, mostly marginal groups in the NY City and about 20 years later, the population shot up to more than forty thousand people. Following the termination of World War II, however, the movement of the Puerto Rican population exploded. For instance, in 1945, about thirteen thousand Puerto Ricans lived in the City of New York, and by 1967, the population was over fifty thousand people. In the following decades, about twenty five thousand Puerto Ricans would migrate to the United States annually, peaking in 1954, when over sixty nine thousand immigrants came, compared to previous years. In 1956, almost seven hundred thousand Puerto Ricans settled in the United State, and by 1960s over million people had settled (Dietz, 2006). Currently, the Puerto Rican migration trends are changing, and more people are migrating to and out of the United States to other destinations. Various reasons promoted the sudden population influx in US. For instance, the constant Puerto Rico depression created a desire for a new start, and factory owners and agencies of employment in the United States had started heavy recruitment of Puerto Ricans. The main crucial cause was the availability of cheap air travel after many years of boat travel. In addition, Puerto Rican militants (men) were recruited to the US military to participate in war – some participated and perished in the battlefield. Some people migrated to offer cheap labor since the US had minimized the percentage of migrants’ entry in the country. Cultural Information About Puerto R ico Based on the Six Cultural Phenomena Puerto Rico has colorful culture and the society represents a combination of diverse races, traditions, dialects and religions. Their culture plays a crucial role in environmental control and exploitation of natural resources. Puerto Rican land forest is an integration of natural and native plants (Galvan, 2009). Additionally, the composition of mosaic forest presents management problems that need vision and comprehension of the culture. Their cultural practices and plans show how people identify and preserve their ecosystem and landscapes. Cultural subsistence practices such as agriculture identify threats to the environment and health ecosystems, and tailor strategies that eliminate such threats. Traditional cultural practices and rituals related to the environment provide mechanisms to conserve and promote environmental quality and quantity. They also improve the quality of air, preserve energy sources, safeguard, secure and promote wildlif e and aquatic habitats and connect humans to tree and land and enroll them in environmental conservation practices. Biological variation of the Puerto Rican group is crucial in determining their health and survival mechanisms. Biological variations or diversities are various manifestation of normalcy that occurs among